How can visual art be related to or used in accounting major Research Paper

How can visual art be related to or used in accounting major - Research Paper Example If the field of visual arts is analyzed further, it can be seen that there are different branches within the scope of visual arts which have developed with the emergence of technologies which make the field more diversified discipline than ever before. These branches include decorative arts and crafts, fine arts and applied arts. Decorative arts are a concept of which have been usually been related to the design and manufacture of functional objects. It may include interior design, but not necessarily architecture. The decorative arts have been usually considered in complete contrast with the fine arts whose only purpose is to be seen. Decorative arts include fixed (for instance wallpaper) and moveable arts (for instance carpets). Applied arts are the branch of visual arts which have been very recently associated with it. This is because of the growing use of technology in the field of arts. This is the sub category of visual arts which shall be the prime focus of this paper because of its involvement in the field of accounting. With the emergence of technology, the concept of applying the arts into different fields for enhancing the field’s performance and utility has also emerged. Thus, the forms of art which developed were as diverse as industrial design, fashion design and interior design (Don, 1989). ACCOUNTING The term accountancy is the name given to the process of sharing the financial information about the business to its different stakeholders (Narayan, 2005). The reason for this communication is for analyzing the current financial position and for predicting the future trends. This communication is carried out through the financial statements which are relevant to the different stakeholders simultaneously. Accountancy is generally associated with recording, analyzing, summarizing and disseminating the relevant financial information for the organization. The Use of Visual Arts in Accounting There used to be an era when accounting was just reser ved for bookkeeping. The process of this bookkeeping was carried out using manual tools and practices. This was the time when the concept of accounting as a measure of future growth and increase competence was not given much attention. But in today’s day and age an organization just cannot even think about accounting just as a discipline of bookkeeping. This is because of the increased competition and the rapidly changing nature of the marketplace. If today a company does not look ahead of its time, it will be run over by the rival companies. Thus, keeping in view this background, accounting is not only used for bookkeeping, but also for forecasting future trends and opportunities of the organization as compared to its rivals and the demand for its products. Visual arts have become vital for the accounting process today. Accounting has been amalgamated with the visual arts through the applied arts. As it is clear that the applied arts use field specific principles and combine it with the visual arts discipline so that the facts and figures of the business can be illustrated

A Rainy Day Essay Example for Free

A Rainy Day Essay Benjamin alighted from the bus and made a clumsy half skip from the last step of the bus to the bus stop. â€Å"Why does it have to rain now?† he thought as he looked up at the gloomy sky. Rainwater lashed down as lightning flashed and thunder roared. It had been bright and sunny the whole day, the sudden downpour half an hour ago caught Benjamin off guard because he had left his umbrella at home. How was he going to get home in the rain? Benjamin stood waiting at the bus stop for ten minutes. The rain did not look like it was stopping. Instead, it seemed to be getting even heavier! To make matter worse, the wind had started to blow. Just then, a gust of chilly wind blew the raindrops into the bus stop, Benjamin could feel that his hands were as frozen as ice. Benjamin was getting wet even under the shelter of the bus stop. He had to squat on the seat of the bus stop to keep his leg dry. He glanced at his watch, another fifteen minutes before his favourite programme ‘Mystery Mission’ came on the television. He particularly did not want to miss the episode that day as it was featuring Pro-bot, his favourite robot. Glancing at his watch yet again, Benjamin made up his mind. He held his bag over his head, took a deep breath and ran out of the bus stop into the rain. The heavy rain drenched Benjamin the moment he stepped out of the bus stop. Feeling cold, Benjamin started shivering. â€Å"I’ll just run to the nearest void deck,† he thought as he tried to race along, splashing puddles on the way. Unfortunately, the path that Benjamin was running along was wet and slippery that he slipped and fell with a loud thud. â€Å"Ouch!† yelled Benjamin as he lay on the path. His bag had fallen from his grasp and his books were scattered about, getting wet in the rain. He sat up slowly trying to ignore the pelting rain and examined himself. Luckily, he only suffered minor cuts and bruises. He picked himself up and hurriedly stuffed his books and pencil case into his bag before limping to the nearest void deck. There, Benjamin called his mother from a public phone. Benjamin’s mother, carrying an umbrella, hurried to the void deck at once. An hour later, after a hot shower and a change of clothes, Benjamin felt much better. He mother had tendered his wound too. He sighed as he looked at his wet books which had been spread out on the table to dry. â€Å"Ahhahhahchoo!† Benjamin suddenly gave a loud sneeze. Oh no, was he coming down with a cold?

Abortion as an Ethical Issue Essay -- Papers Morals Abortion Pregnancy

Abortion as an Ethical Issue In recent years, abortion has become one of the world’s most discussed ethical issues. This has made a huge impact on both men and women’s lives. There are many different views on abortion dating back from the Old Testament to the present day. I intend to show you all of abortion’s conventional arguments. I hope to establish few of these views;  · The Christian views on abortion  · Views that support and oppose abortion  · My personal opinions on the subject of abortion My coursework will include different factors to use in discussion including a definition of abortion, Biblical quotes and references, issues of rape and incest. The following questions (below) on the subject of abortion will be answered in this coursework: a. (i) What is meant by ‘abortion’? (ii) What Biblical and Church teachings might be used in a discussion about abortion? b. Explain how Christians might put their beliefs about Abortion into action. c. ‘Abortion is never justified’ – Do you agree? Give reasons to support your answers and show that you have thought about different point of views. You must refer to Christianity in your answer. August 2003 Ramin Rouhani What is meant by the word ‘abortion’? The definition of abortion by law is the premature expulsion of a human foetus from the womb. There is more than one type of abortion, spontaneous and induced. Spontaneous abortion or miscarriage is naturally occurring termination of a pregnancy causes inside the mother’s womb. Induced abortion is when the foetus is terminated from the mother’s womb surgically or medically. T... ...cerned is wanted or handicapped, it follows that the destruction of unborn life is always wrong.† LIFE Campaign The Humanists agree that everyone has the right to freedom of choice, because opinions are different of when the life of a foetus begins, the minority that is Catholic Church has no right to impose it’s view on others. An open society must respect the rights of the people for the choice of their future, so religious views should not be forced upon the people who do not choose to listen. Every human has the right to want to be a wanted child. Induced abortion brings a solution to the future of unwanted children being born every year. No child deserves to be unwanted or unloved because of poor education and a lack of contraception, which is what would happen if abortion could not be justified.

A Real Contemporary Problem: Fraternity Deaths and Violence

Imagine a picture of an ideal university, Lush green surroundings, modernized facilities, eccentric and highly recognized   professors stuttering about, carefully selected students with their own caliber to boast, chatting freely in the grounds and the basic motto of â€Å"Honor and Excellence†   hanging in the air.This irrefutable university exists as the very epitome of academic excellence. Future leaders of the society gather around this acropolis. This is where bright promising young minds clash and mesh to form a boulder that will serve as the structural foundation of the country within the next years to come.However, beneath this beautiful facade lies a different picture. Behind the curtains of lies and deception is a whole different story unveiled.   Behind these walls whispers a cry of injustice and a desperate plea for the destruction of a system that had long been bound by wealth and power.On the 27 of August on the same year, three cars dropped off a badly bea ten body of a boy to the hospital. His name was Chris Mendez, a student in his last year of college about to graduate with a degree of Public Administration and Governance. Minutes later, he was pronounced dead, hopes for a better life for his family died along with him.University of the Philippines offers the best facilities for educational attainment in the country. With the country paying most of the needed expenses through subsidies, students who accumulate their knowledge there are called â€Å"Scholars of the Nation.†The University is famous for the outstanding graduates they produce. This is where the phrase â€Å"freedom of speech† comes from. Students in the UP are known for their rallies against social injustices and corruption existing in the government.   There is also one other thing that they are known for.University of the Philippines hosts a lot of Student Organizations. From academics, sports, common interests, they have it all, and that includes fra ternities and sororities (Arrowsmith, 2004). All student organizations has a form of Rights of Acceptance, it will be forever imbued in the social and political culture of the school. Most of these initiation rights include hazing.The 20 year old Chris Mendez, was not the only who became the victim of hazing and other frat-related deaths and violence. Hazing, as part of the university’s tradition in acceptance had victims who suffered physically and mentally.RA 8049, also known as the Anti-Hazing states the definition of hazing as a practice in a prerequisite for acceptance and placing the applicant in a mortifying situation such as   coercing   him to do menial, foolish and other similar tasks or activities.Yet it does not take effect until, the neophyte suffers from bruises, injuries or even worse, death.   As a proof, not one of the student organizations has or had been arrested for merely shouting at an applicant in front of many people or hurling hurtful words that demeans the student as a person.Worse, even the administration itself is practicing these traditional rights of acceptance. AR Santiago, the son of former Senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago committed suicide after being turned down in his application study in the UP College of Law.The panel was reported to use cruel ways in interviewing applicants, even asking in an underhanded way of how he can cope with an insane lady for a mother (Arrowsmith, 2004).Such injustice had been happening and would not have been noticed if a senator’s son hadn’t died. Up to now the law of the jungle where the strong crushes the weak occurs. It is instilled in the values of the University ‘s organizations and even in some of the administration that these archaic ways are the solution for the students to be prepared for the real world ahead, that indeed connections and power and wealth for position does exist.The Band of BrothersThe word fraternity is defined (Encarta, 2007) as an organ ization formed to enhance the social, academic, professional or personal interests of members.   Its word comes from the Latin word â€Å"frater† meaning brother.

Case Analysis-Strategic It Transformation at Accenture

Case analysis-Strategic IT Transformation at Accenture Accenture was separated from its parent company and rebranded as a new organization. They face a challenge of building a new IT infrastructure to support their business. Because the new Accenture’s organization structure is different from the Anderson Consulting, the Anderson’s IT is deficient in several ways. Based on the deficient aspects I have some own recommendations and then I will analyse what Accenture did to deal with the situation. First of all, the Anderson’s IT system did not interconnect readily each other.I suggest that in Accenture, they can build up a standard rules, and all the offices should follow such rules and use the standard information system to communicate each other. As we learned before, standardization is very important for an organization. It’s a good way to improve the efficiency of internal communication. Also, a standard information system is easy to manage the relations hip with customers or partners. It can enhance the relationship and improve the customers’ satisfaction. The second and third problem also can be solved by standardization.So choose a right platform to standardize data and exchange process is crucial for Accenture. As a new brand, Accenture should consider their strategic context carefully before they making the decision. And clarify the enterprise’s view of IT infrastructure. In this case they realized that they should run IT not a cost center but as a business within business. When they face three different types of platforms, they choose the single-vendor approach to minimize the cost of IT. Also they choose Microsoft and HP as their software and hardware suppliers. It’s a brilliant decision because these two companies have great reputation in such industry.It’s a valuable and stable relationship for Accenture to cooperate with Microsoft and HP. It can improve the efficiency both in software and hardwa re aspects. In the case, I notice that the Anderson’s information system is too complex and it cost too much on storage data. So it’s inefficient in data exchange and communication. Accenture should try to simplify the process and try to control the cost. Choosing the single-vendor approach can save the cost of IT. Also, they outsource their data storage service. To do so, I have some recommendations for Accenture to improve the information system management.They should put more attention on the relationship management between Accenture and outsourcing companies to make sure the efficient communication between each other. In the information era, the communication is very important. They can provide their partners the part of Accenture IT platform , to they can communicate internally. onsidering Accenture as a B2B company, I suggest that focus on converting conventional interactions to IT-enable data exchange to make sure their clients can get the data timely and accura tely. The globalization and becoming a public company is a new challenge for Accenture.Globalization is a great advantage of outsourcing, Accenture can outsource some service to low labor cost countries. It can reduce the IT cost. As I said before, how to manage the relationship between different suppliers and outsourcing companies is important for Accenture. In the case, it mentioned the (1) standard platform, (2) a single global â€Å"instance† of that platform. It tally well with my analysis before. In sum, Accenture has a successful IT transformation, and for its further growth I have given several suggestions according to the articles this week.

George W. Bushs World view essays

George W. Bush's World view essays George Walker Bush was born on July 6, 1946 in New Haven, Connecticut. George W. is the oldest of 5 siblings: brothers Neil, Jeb, and Mervin, sisters Dorothy and Robin. His parents were George (Former US President) and Barbara Bush. When George W. was two, his family moved to Odessa, Texas and his father began to work in the oil business. He is now married to Laura Welch whom he met in Midland. Together, they have two twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna. This new Bush family lived in Midland, then in Dallas, and then in Washington when George Sr. ran for President in 1988. Bush attended Phillips Academy prep school at Andover, then for his undergraduate attended Yale where he majored in history, playing baseball and rugby, while a member of the secret Skull and Bones society. Bush continued his education at Harvard where he obtained his MBA in 1975. Before receiving his MBA however, George W. Bush was a pilot in the Texas Air National Guard from 1698 until 1973. George Bush started out in the West Texas energy business researching who owned mineral rights. Then, after starting his own business called Arbusto Energy, Spectrum 7 Energy Corporation bought it. Harken Energy Corporation acquired Spectrum 7 in 1986, after Spectrum had lost $400,000. Bush continued to prosper in the oil business and brought an end to it the day he sold 2/3 of his Harken stock for a 200-percent profit. Prior to this, George had already prepared for his shift from the energy business to sports when he helped assemble a group who purchased the Texas Rangers baseball team. He was managing general partners until he was elected Governor of Texas in 1994. After serving two four-year terms as governor, Bush ran for U.S President and won. He is now working on his campaign for a second term as U.S President. Now, as Bush runs for president in the 2004 election, many people are putting him under a microscope, watching his every move while listening to his pl...

How to Write an SAT Essay, Step by Step

How to Write an SAT Essay, Step by Step SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT Essay writing requires a very specific set of skills. It's a little daunting to think that you only have 50 minutes to read a passage, analyze it, and then write an essay. But don't worry- getting a top SAT essay score is within everyone's reach! The most reliable way to score high is to follow our SAT essay template for every essay and to prepare well beforehand. In this article, we'll show you how to write a great SAT essay. We'll take you through all the steps you need to follow when writing the SAT essay to show you how you can put together a killer essay yourself. If you haven't already, read our article on 15 tips for improving your SAT essay. We'll be using the lessons from that article here in our essay example. Come back to this article afterward. Overview: Before You Start Writing We'll plan and write an essay in response to the sample SAT essay prompt below, using the tips we've shared. If you follow our plan below and practice it to fluency for your 50-minute essay, you're guaranteed a 6/6/6 or above on the SAT essay. Let's start by reading and understanding the prompt: Write an essay in which you explain how Peter S. Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to people in the United States. In your essay, analyze how Goodman uses one or more of the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage. Source: The Official SAT Study Guide; the article referenced in the prompt can also be found (unmodified) online for free here. Hint: Read The Prompt Before Reading The Passage As we mentioned in our 15 SAT essay tips article, the author's argument that you'll be discussing is in the first line of the prompt: "Write an essay in which you explain how Peter S. Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to people in the United States." This is the argument you need to deconstruct in your essay. Writing an SAT essay consists of four major stages: Reading: 5-10 minutes Analyzing Planning: 7-12 minutes Writing: 25-35 minutes Revising: 2-3 minutes There’s a wide time range for a few of these stages, since people work at different rates. Some people, for instance, will be a lot faster at reading than they are at planning, while it might be the other way around for others. You'll need to find the timing combination that works best for you through a little bit of trial and error. Writing takes the large bulk of the 50 minutes, but reading and analyzing and planning are equally important parts of the SAT essay writing process. Stage 1: Read the Passage (5-10 minutes) There are a couple of different ways to read through the passage on the SAT essay, each with their own advantages. No matter which strategy you use, though, make sure to keep an eye on the time so you don’t run out of time for analyzing and writing! If you can just read straight through the passage without getting too hung up on details, go for it. This strategy works well for students who are naturally fast readers and don't have trouble getting distracted under time pressure. If you’re a slow reader, get anxious about reading in timed situations, or find that the subject matter of the article is confusing, you might want to try skimming the article. You can use similar strategies to those you might use on SAT reading passages. In either case, you'll want to make sure you get a good idea of the way the passage is laid out before you do a detailed pass through it. Why? You'll probably end up reading through parts of the passage multiple times to make sure you fully understand it. Giving the passage a quick read-through before you do any detailed analysis can help cement which parts you'll want to come back to and which parts aren't as important. When you go back do a more detailed reading of the article, sure to keep an eye out for argument-building techniques and to try to remain objective. You may want to circle or underline examples of these techniques as you read, which leads right into the next stage of SAT essay writing. Stage 2: Analyze and Plan (7-12 minutes) Many students resist planning on the SAT Essay because it already feels like there's not enough time to read and write, let alone take away some of that precious time for planning. But take it from us: you're better off with a plan. This is because the SAT essay graders look for a clear structure: introduction, conclusion, and specific evidence in between. It's almost impossible to create this kind of structure and still write quickly without a plan You can write all over the passage as you analyze it – circle or underline key points, scribble in the margins, etc. This way, when you go back to quote the author in your essay, you’re not searching the text for the quote or supporting detail. One way to mark up your passage is by numbering your examples and then circling and numbering any evidence from the passage you’ll be referring to in each paragraph. Another option is to write a brief description of the details from the passage in your planning and outlining, along with the location of the details. Taking this time during the analyzing and planning stage will end up saving you time in the long run. I personally find it helpful to take notes as I read the passage and then organize them into an essay outline. Below are the TOTALLY LEGIBLE notes I took as I was analyzing the passage for the essay prompt: As I was reading the passage, I scribbled down key details and the way I’d use them to support my thesis in the essay. For instance, I wrote, â€Å"last paragraph – We need†¦we need (x4) - overall use of â€Å"we† drawing reader into his POV† in my notes. This describes what I want to talk about (the author's use of the word "We" and "We need"), what it means (it draws the reader into agreeing with his point of view), and where this is illustrated in the passage (last full paragraph). I then organized these notes into some semblance of an outline I could use to plan the organization of my essay. Here's a (rough) transcription of my outline: IntroFacts/evidence-first paragraph stats and facts - to show issue is real, lend credibility-by not explaining has a couple of effects-forces reader to draw own conclusions/think about which draws them into the argument-alt makes reader look to author in rest o/article (b/c had facts at first + so can be trusted)Reasoning-acknowledges counterargument-so very easily could’ve gone on a rant abt twitter which would’ve undercut argument, disconnected from reader-instead, provides examples of when social media has been helpful (Arab Spring)-counterargument is more powerful as a result - take his â€Å"unease† more seriouslyDiction/style-â€Å"We† draws reader in, makes author sympathetic (not lecturing)-contrasts b/t ideal + real, b/t prof + amateur engage reader in the comparison, force to admit author is right-language elsewhere reinforces the idea that prof journalism under siege, words like â€Å"assailing† and â€Å"eroding†Conclusion You can see that in the section labeled â€Å"Diction,† the first point is "We" draws reader in, makes author sympathetic (not lecturing)". You can combine these two steps if you’re comfortable enough doing it; I just find that separating them takes the pressure off to make sure that I take notes in an organized fashion. Stage 3: Write Until 2-3 Minutes Are Left (25-35 minutes) Once you have your analysis and planning done, it’s time to write like the wind. If you’ve taken notes and planned effectively, you should be able to jump right in and not have to go back and forth too much between the text and your essay. Body Paragraphs For most people, writing body paragraphs is easier than writing introductions. If this is the case, start with the body paragraphs, and just leave 10 lines or so at the top of the page to add the introduction later. One example should take up 1-2 paragraphs. Let's use a methodical structure to try out a body paragraph about how the author uses a counterargument to add support to his own claim. The sample paragraphs below are all taken from an essay that I handwrote (and planned) in the 50-minute time limit. Sample Body Paragraph Start with a transition: In addition to employing facts to his argument’s advantage, Goodman also cunningly discusses the counterargument to his position. Then (briefly) introduce your topic: By writing about how social media and man-on-the-ground reporting has assisted the state of foreign news reporting, Goodman heads off naysayers at the pass. Explain the example’s context and relationship to your thesis: It would have been very easy for Goodman to ignore the whole issue of citizen reporting, but the resultant one-sided argument would have been much less convincing. Instead, Goodman acknowledges things like â€Å"the force of social media during the Arab Spring, as activists convened and reacted to changing circumstances.† As a result, when he partially refutes this counterargument, stating the â€Å"unease† many longtime profession correspondents feel over the trend of ‘citizen journalism’ feel, the reader agrees. Clearly state, in one sentence, how it is proof of your thesis: Knowing that Goodman takes the power of social media seriously will make the reader more inclined, in turn, to take Goodman’s concern about the limits of social media seriously. When you put all these pieces together, it’s a winning body paragraph. We start with a smooth transition from the introduction (or previous body paragraph), give enough background to understand why the example is relevant, and then connect it back to the thesis for the knockout punch. Try to read through this again so the structure really makes sense to you. Notice how this is formulaic – every one of your body paragraphs can be written in this structure, and you’ll get an excellent score! Having a structure like this will make many students less anxious about the new SAT essay. You’d then go through the above process with the other 1-2 examples. In some cases, one very good example of the way the author builds his/her argument can be enough, if you can write 2-3 relevant paragraphs about it without repeating yourself. But having two examples is usually safer, because it gives you a better chance to show how well you've understood the passage. Introduction and Conclusion After finishing your body paragraphs, don't forget your introduction and conclusion paragraphs. Both should briefly mention the author’s argument and the examples you're using to support your thesis, but everything else is up to you. Some students write about the concept in general, and others just try to restate the thesis in different ways. Even a couple of sentences is better than nothing- try to scribble something in even if you're running out of time. Sample Introduction Paragraph In the article â€Å"Foreign News at a Crisis Point,† Peter S. Goodman eloquently argues the point that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to people in the United States. Goodman builds his argument by using facts and evidence, addressing the counterarguments, and couching it all in persuasive and compelling language. Stage 4: Revise (2-3 Minutes) Much like planning on the SAT essay, revision seems unnecessary to most students. But trust us, it will help your score. There are two reasons for this: Revising helps you change up your vocabulary and fix mistakes and/or illegible words If you know you’ll revise, you can write much faster because you don’t have to worry about making it perfect On the SAT essay, you can cross out words that you don’t want the grader to read. You don’t need to waste time erasing them, unless you want to replace them with something else. So what do you do when you revise? Well, let’s take the body paragraph we wrote earlier and revise it. New text is bolded. In addition to employing facts to his argument’s advantage, Goodman also cunningly discusses the counterargument to his position. By writing about how social media and man-on-the-ground reporting has assisted had some positive impact on the state of foreign news reporting, Goodman heads off naysayers at the pass. It would have been very easy for Goodman to ignore elide over the whole issue of citizen reporting, but the resultant one-sided argument would have been much less convincing. Instead, Goodman acknowledges things like â€Å"the force of social media during the Arab Spring, as activists convened and reacted to changing circumstances.† As a result, when he partially refutes this counterargument, stating his the â€Å"unease† many for longtime profession correspondents feel over the trend of ‘citizen journalism’ feel, the reader agrees. is much more likely to believe him. After all, Goodman acknowledges that social media does have some power. Kn owing that Goodman takes the power of social media seriously will make the reader more inclined, in turn, to take Goodman’s concern about the limits of social media seriously. At this point, you’ll have a complete winning essay. Want to see what this essay looks like put all together? Read our article on how to get a perfect 8 on the SAT essay. Our goal here was to show you how formulaic the SAT essay can be. By making the essay more predictable, you’ll go into every test with a game plan in mind, making the essay much easier (and less scary!). Information Fall-Out: Buckminster Fuller's World Game by Columbia GSAPP, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped and resized from original. "Guys guys guys! I figured out a plan for the SAT essay!" Where to Go From Here Now you know how to write an SAT essay. To put this information to good use, you need to practice with real SAT essay prompts. We’ve written the most comprehensive guide to SAT essay topics and prompts here. Aiming for a perfect SAT essay score? Read our guides to get strategies on how to get an 8/8/8 on your SAT essay. And if you haven’t read our 15 SAT essay tips article yet, do so now! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

President Andrew Jackson - Fast Facts

President Andrew Jackson - Fast Facts Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) was the first president to be elected based on popular sentiment. He was a war hero who gained popularity with the War of 1812. Nicknamed Old Hickory, he was elected more for his personality than for the issues of the day. He was a very strong president who used his veto power more than all the previous presidents combined.   Following are some fast facts and basic information about Andrew Jackson.   For more in-depth information, you can also read the  Andrew Jackson Biography. Fast Facts: Andrew Jackson Birth: March 15, 1767Death: June 8, 1845Known for: President of the U.S.Term of Office: March 4, 1829 to March 3, 1837Number of Terms Elected: 2 TermsSpouse: Rachel Donelson Robards, died in 1828.Also known as: Old Hickory; King AndrewQuote: Perpetuity is stamped upon the Constitution by the blood of our Fathers. Additional  Andrew Jackson Quotes. Major Events While in Office Peggy Eaton Affair (1828-1831)Veto of Maysville Road Bill (1830)Indian Removal Act of 1830 (1830)Ordinance of Nullification (1832)Veto of Recharter of Second Bank of the United States (1832)Black Hawk War (1832)Assassination Attempt (1835)Texas Revolution (1836) States Entering Union While in Office Arkansas (1836)Michigan (1837) Related Andrew Jackson Resources These additional resources on Andrew Jackson can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Andrew Jackson Biography: Learn about Andrew Jackson childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration.Jacksonian Era: Learn about this period of great political upheaval and the events that would lead to more party involvement and a greater democratic sense.War of 1812 Resources: Read about the people, places, battles and events of the War of 1812 that proved to the world America was here to stay.War of 1812 Timeline: This timeline focuses on the events of the War of 1812.Top 10 Significant Presidential Elections Andrew Jackson was involved in two of the top ten significant elections in American History. In 1824, John Quincy Adams beat him for the presidency when it was put into the House of Representatives through what has been called the Corrupt Bargain. Jackson then went on to win the Election of 1828. Other Presidential Fast Facts John Quincy AdamsMartin Van BurenList of American Presidents

The Google Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Google Company - Case Study Example This amounts to employees hating their jobs hence low productivity. This case study explores how best performing companies and for this case Google motivate their employees to work to the extent of making these companies the top-producing organizations in the world. Top companies like Google have restructured their management model to provide leadership and an enabling environment that would motivate their employees to work hard and produce the highest output. Google didn’t become a household name just by chance, it is because it has a culture that values their employees and motivates them. It’s quite clear that any company that wants to proceed to the next level and become a household name has to find new ways of rewarding and motivating their employees for their good work. They therefore need to embrace a culture that promote free thinking, motivating employees to work together and provide a working environment that is comfortable, promotes humanity, individualism and personal freedom. Having a chance to work for Google is a dream for many and it’s not just because of what the company has achieved since its inception, it is because of its good working environment. ... (Think leader 2013) About a decade ago when the company was just a start up, the co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin had this dream of making Google where the worlds’ best talent will work. And they had an idea on how to achieve this i.e. by creating a working environment and culture that will keep every employee happy and also keep them motivated. This will ensure that they do their best and be loyal to the company. (Brain Mass 2012) Google also motivates its employees by ensuring that the managers assign tasks that are inspiring and challenging to the junior employees. This makes these employees feel the aspect of career progression and learning something new every day. It is a tradition that each employee is given an opportunity to dedicate 20 percent of their time on a project they choose. Employees will be actually be paid by indulging in these projects so long as they are within companies’ legal and business scope. This is how products like AdSense and Google S uggest came about. This makes them motivated as they feel that aspect of being managers. It also promotes innovation and this is no doubt why Google is one of the most innovative companies in the word. This kind of freedom to concentrates on a project they love make them move away for their routine jobs hence drawing an inspiration about their job. Therefore employees just don’t join Google because of the outward perks and rewards, they do it for freedom! (Gary 2007). Besides the compensation and other benefits alike free health and dental check-ups, insurance, tuition reimbursement and paid vacations, Google employees also enjoy other unique benefits. This includes a 100% paid maternity benefit of up to 18 weeks. Also new mothers and fathers enjoy help to make things

Workplace Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workplace Safety - Essay Example (Gustafson, 2011). This article reflects on an issue that involves a severe attack on the employee Rich Dean by a dangerous prisoner Lehtinen. Dean is seriously distressed by the news that Oregon hospital will not have to deal with any sanctions in regard to the violent incident even after a long workplace safety inspection undertaken by Oregon’s Occupational Safety and Health Division (OSHA). This decision by OSHA led Dean to present his issues with the results of the investigation in an interview. Dean voiced facts that set in contrast to the justifications presented by OSHA. According to OSHA, Dean issued a citation against the hospital’s security administration on no grounds. This is because the hospital has always adopted satisfactory security measures and conducted safety assessments before the grave attack on Dean occurred. Also, there had been no violent attacks on any hospital employee by the jail inmates before that incident and high-profile assault prevention training is also given to the employees according to the OSHA report. Now, Dean claimed that when he was attacked by Lehtinen, the two other employees dog-piled on him and Lehtinen, which gave Lehtinen an easy access to land heavy kicks on Dean’s eyes, shoulders, and neck. Had it not been for the careless action of the two other security men, Dean would surely have saved himself from Lehtinen’s attacks. Also, the emergency alarm system was sadly out of function at the time of the assault.

Strategies for People Management Case Study Essay

Strategies for People Management Case Study - Essay Example The immediate problem concerns a production worker who was found inebriated (in a drunken state) in the locker room during her Friday night shift. The supervisor was not sure whether she could ask the nurse to request the employee to submit to a test for alcohol but the problem was solved when the employee said that she had taken a coffee flask filled with Vodka into the factory and had, progressively as the night shift wore on, drunk her way through its contents until she was no longer capable of standing. Luckily she had lain down on a bench in the locker room and fallen asleep; where her supervisor had found her. The consequences of the production worker falling whilst on the production-floor were unthinkable. Her supervisor had dealt with the immediate problem proficiently; calling in the duty nurse who made sure the employee was safe and stable in the company infirmary before arranging transport home. The production worker was handed over to her partner as dawn was breaking and a letter was left advising her, the production worker, not to return to work on her normal Monday morning early shift but to report to the Production Manager’s office at 3 p.m. this afternoon. Clearly the production manager wishes you to advise her on how she should handle the immediate situation but there is also a wider concern because you are aware that the company does not have either a strategy or policy on alcohol or similar abuse in the workplace. Your task is to: a. Decide how you will advise the production manager how she would proceed when she meets with the employee this afternoon. b. Prepare a paper which addresses the longer term strategy and policy issues which the case has brought to light. You are shocked when some initial research from a CIPD report on Drugs and Alcohol abuse highlights that: â€Å". . . The bare facts on alcohol consumption and drug use in the UK are

Applying Theory to Practice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Applying Theory to Practice - Research Paper Example For more than 20 years , critical thinking has been put forward to emphasize on nursing practice and education (Cody , 2002) . Science based nursing practice is utilized in effective delivery of nursing care. Models of nursing practice provide the nursing knowledge framework in the provision of theory based care. (Burretti, 1988). A good foundation for nursing can be created and further be broadened by applying a theory in nursing practice (Karnick, 2008). Jean Watson is a nurse theorist whose cardinal focus is based on human caring. Watson’s (2008) theory of human caring is broadly applied in nursing practice nursing in its knowledge acquisition and application in practice is identified as a science of caring which has a philosophical and ethical implications. The humanity of a nurse embraces the humanity of others in order to preserve and maintain the dignity one of one’s self being and that of others under the same care. This implies that human beings are connected t o one another in caring process. It also implies that in a transpersonal caring relationship, a holistic approach is used (Watson, 1992). OVERVIEW OF WATSON’S CARING THEORY Watson was born in 1940 in West Virginia and grew in as extended family setup (Tomey & Alligood , 2006). At the University of Colorado, she became dean of the school of Nursing and later at the same university, she became a well known professor. Watson established the center for Human Caring, which she served as the director, in Colorado. She also started the nursing doctoral program at the University of Colorado (Margaret Jean, 1997) . Derived from personal beliefs, Values and experiences. Watson established the Theory of Human caring which formed part of her doctoral studies. In her educational background , she earned her undergraduate degree in nursing and psychology and health nursing from University of Colorado from where she also earned her Doctorate degree in educational psychology and counseling . Dr. Watson is a fellow in the American Academy of nursing. She has national and international honors. Most of her publications describing her theory and philosophy of human caring are studied by nurses in most parts of the world. According to Watson (2001)

Business IT AND SERVICES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business IT AND SERVICES - Essay Example Human Clouding is a concept that has emerged because of such kind of advances in information technology. Human Clouding refers to a situation whereby employees of an organization do not have a distinct working place. They only rely on the internet and tools of information technology to receive and send large volumes of data. This paper analyzes this concept of human clouding and its various models. When talking about the concept of cloud, people tend to talk about it, in terms of its technological nature, and the impact that it has had on how business personalities and people are able to access data, and communicate with each other (Rountree and Castrillo, 2013). Through an adoption of cloud computing technologies, business organizations are able to provide better flexibility to its employees, and they manage to change when, how, and where they work (Bellavista, 2010). However, cloud computing has not had a vigorous change on the manner in which people work, in a business organization. This is because people are still talking about employee relations in terms of their work place (Rountree and Castrillo, 2013). An individual’s place of work is equated with the business operation that an individual undertakes or is employed with (Bellavista, 2010). This is based on the misconception that the physical place of the business itself is the actual business itself. However, exp erienced and good business managers have the knowledge that a business organization does not consist of mortar, or bricks (Kaganer, Carmel, Hirscheim and Olsen, 2013). It consists of people, who are its employees. On this basis, a new concept of cloud has emerged, which is referred to as the human cloud. Under this concept, wherever place an employee chooses to work from, then that place is his or her work place. This concept further goes on to denote that the work force of an individual is the employer’s business organization. One of the major issues that emanates concerning

Educational Tort Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Educational Tort - Article Example Two types of torts are seen in the education: Intentional tort and Negligence tort. 'The central idea in tort law is that liability is based not so much on acting badly or wrongfully, but on committing a wrong' (www.seop.leeds.ac.uk, 2003). 'Intentional tort' is involved when offence is commited with the set intention of harming or instilling fear of reprisal or injury. Whereas, in 'Negligence tort', the injury caused is unexpected and not deliberate. The underlying concept of one's duty to safeguard the interests of others, is the vital ingredient of the law of tort. In the education system, the tort of law is increasingy being used by the students against the teachers. The most common is the assault that may not result in the physical injury. The teachers accused of assaulting students have become frequent. The verbal assault with the intention of instilling fear in the students and battery, when physica contact results in injury, have often been used by the students against the school authorities and teachers. ... Only when all the four points are proved the victim can be suitably compensated for damaged occurred. Education tort is important to maintain discipline within the different elements of the educational system including the teachers, administrators and students. We can, therefore, conclude that the law of torts has considerable impact on the public issues and plays a vital role in facilitating the welfare of the innocent victims. The huge implications of the law, has a long term deterrent effect on the behavioural pattern of the students and teachers alike and helps to instil a sense of responsibility towards each other. Reference Sansone v. Bechtel. (1980). [Accessed 22 October, 2008]. Theories of Tort Laws. Available from: [Accessed on 24 August,

Business IT AND SERVICES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business IT AND SERVICES - Essay Example Human Clouding is a concept that has emerged because of such kind of advances in information technology. Human Clouding refers to a situation whereby employees of an organization do not have a distinct working place. They only rely on the internet and tools of information technology to receive and send large volumes of data. This paper analyzes this concept of human clouding and its various models. When talking about the concept of cloud, people tend to talk about it, in terms of its technological nature, and the impact that it has had on how business personalities and people are able to access data, and communicate with each other (Rountree and Castrillo, 2013). Through an adoption of cloud computing technologies, business organizations are able to provide better flexibility to its employees, and they manage to change when, how, and where they work (Bellavista, 2010). However, cloud computing has not had a vigorous change on the manner in which people work, in a business organization. This is because people are still talking about employee relations in terms of their work place (Rountree and Castrillo, 2013). An individual’s place of work is equated with the business operation that an individual undertakes or is employed with (Bellavista, 2010). This is based on the misconception that the physical place of the business itself is the actual business itself. However, exp erienced and good business managers have the knowledge that a business organization does not consist of mortar, or bricks (Kaganer, Carmel, Hirscheim and Olsen, 2013). It consists of people, who are its employees. On this basis, a new concept of cloud has emerged, which is referred to as the human cloud. Under this concept, wherever place an employee chooses to work from, then that place is his or her work place. This concept further goes on to denote that the work force of an individual is the employer’s business organization. One of the major issues that emanates concerning

Article Critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Critique - Article Example Questionnaires were also administered to both groups. The focus of the questions is the kind of stress and the coping strategies suggested by mothers. The results of the study reveal that depending on the extent of the stress, the influence of the mothers’ suggested coping strategies may be adapted by the youth. Furthermore, the research shows that the youth would react positively to stress if their mothers offer some tips on how to deal with peer stress. clinical psychology, psychology graduate students, a post baccalaureate-level research assistant, or advanced undergraduate students†. They were trained extensively for the job that they were supposed to do. The qualifications of the interviewers add credence to the results of the study. Another strength of the study is that the conclusions are validated by the correlation analysis applied to the data gathered. The interpretation and discussion of the results are clearly disseminated in the report. One weakness of the study is that only mothers were included in the research. It is important to note that parenting does not only involve mothers. Fathers play an important role too in the development of the child. The study assumes that it is only the mothers who offer suggestions on coping with peer stress. With regards to the participants of the study, there is no mention how they were chosen and what was the basis in selecting them. An important part of the study is the definition of the terms that are used in the research. It is appreciated that the terms â€Å"engagement† and â€Å"disengagement† responses are clearly defined at the beginning of the article. The listing down and description of the four categories of the responses to stress gives a more meaningful understanding of the results of the questionnaires and interviews. This research is very significant in enhancing the relationship between mothers and their adolescent child. Since the research showed

Strategic Planning and External Analysis Tools Essay Example for Free

Strategic Planning and External Analysis Tools Essay Summary of key concepts and ideas from the lectures, tutorials and readings (500 words) Strategy is a roadmap designed to route the direction of the organization towards achieving its goals. Through an understanding of the organization’s vision and mission and the matching of resources and skills to the environment, the company can formulate and implement strategic plans to achieve long-term sustainable competitive advantage, meet the needs of consumers and satisfy stakeholder’s expectations (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2004). Before formulating a strategy, an organization has to gauge its current position in the market using strategic analysis. This involves the use of internal and external analysis tools to gain both an inside view of an organization and the macro environment. Internal analysis tools are used to identify and evaluate an organization’s strengths and weaknesses in terms of its resources, operational capabilities and core competencies. This gives the organization a picture of what strengths to exploit and develop further, and what weaknesses should be corrected to reduce market liability (Hill and Jones 2012). External analysis tools such as Porter’s five forces gives a view of the immediate competitive environment to reveal market opportunities and threats. It allows the organization to identify the market forces, which they have little to no control over, in order to develop contingencies into their strategic plans (Porter 1980). Dynamic capabilities such as SWOT analysis, is a combination of internal and external analysis to reflect an organization’s ability to adapt to volatile markets (Teece 2009). The strategic analysis process would provide a comprehensive overview of an organization’s competency, which then provides the basis for strategic formulation. A suitable approach to strategy formulation would strongly depend on the size and nature of the organization. One method that can be applied across different industries as well as organizations sizes is Porter’s generic strategy. It involves three different strategy classification; low cost leadership, product differentiation and target market focus (Porter 1980). Another method is Miles and Snow’s (1978) typology. It suggests that competing organizations are characterized based on their individual view of the competitive environment and how they allocate resources accordingly. The four basic categories are defender, prospector, analyzer, and reactor. Formulated strategies are not always acted upon, but may serve as a learning process towards more efficient strategy formulation. Allio (2005) states â€Å"immediately following the formal ratification of the firm’s vision and set of strategies, implementation can begin in earnest†. However, implementation of a strategy is considered the greatest challenge due to the risk of setbacks such as the lack of communication throughout the organization, unclear planning as well as poor monitoring and controls. Lastly, a key performance index is used to measure the current or future success of a strategy. It should be closely monitored as it measures performance aspects, which are critical towards the success of the organization (Paramenter 2007). Plans never always work out as anticipated, and contingency plans should be established to better prepare for unforeseen events (Steiner 1979). Therefore, strategy management should be treated with the utmost importance, as it differentiates between the success and failure of the firm. Section 2: Application of key concepts and ideas to the current business news (600 words) Griffin and Kucera (2012) article talks about PayPal’s tie up with Discover to achieve a competitive edge and strengthen its market position. By applying Porter’s five forces (1980) to access their strategic position, majority of forces are posing a challenge for PayPal and Discover. There is high competitive rivalry amongst major credit card companies with Discover  trailing after Visa, MasterCard and American Express (Barr 2012). Forecasted to surpass $171. 5 billion in 2012, up from a value of $105. 9 billion in 2011 (Gartner 2012), the burgeoning mobile payment market has attracted a high number of new entrants. Many major companies are creating their own individual systems to compete for a share of the market. One example is the Isis system by the major telecommunication companies (Johnson 2012). Finally, there is a high threat of substitute as consumers might find it more convenient to simply use cash or swipe their plastic card as compared to the new mobile payment method (Passy 2012). However, one market grabbing force is the low bargaining power of suppliers as the merchants supplying the service would be subjected to lower transaction costs under the PayPal system as compared to their counterparts (Hamblen 2012). Nevertheless, the bargaining power of customers in conjunction to new entrants and substitutes remains high, as there are just too many choices to choose from. Therefore, PayPal and Discover are in an unfavorable position. Welch’s (2012) article talks about how Campbell is innovating its soup products to meet the taste of a new generation. Through the use of the SWOT analysis (Andrews 1971), majority of factors prove positive. With the threat of a declining domestic soup market and difference in preference of a younger generation, it presents Campbell with an opportunity to innovate and differentiate its products in order to achieve market growth (Schultz 2012). Relying on its strengths to introduce new and innovative products fast, Campbell was able to generate a line of new products to address the needs of the new generation. However, Campbell’s weakness lies in the high selling price of its new line of products, three times the price of a can of normal soup. This along with the threat of cheaper alternatives by their competitors, such as Healthy Choice, may prove detrimental to Campbell’s success. Nevertheless, Campbell has had previous successes with higher priced products due to their strength to innovate their products towards the needs of the consumers. They also invest millions in target marketing and merchandising to extend its reach to consumers (Todd 2012). Therefore, it is a good strategy. Edwards (2012) article talks about GameStop’s shifted efforts into the refurbishing of Apple products to counter a declining market. Using the Boston Consulting Group’s Growth Share Matrix (Phadtare 2011), this strategy shows high return potential. With the decline of the gaming industry, sales fell by 25% from last year (Tassi 2012), GameStop’s former ‘Star’ which is the sale of new and used gaming hardware and software, has shifted into a ‘Cash Cow’ due to the decline of market growth. This shift presents an investment opportunity for ‘Question Mark’ to become a ‘Star’, through the conversion from a console game supplier, into the repair and resale of  Apple gadgets. However, with the dwindling interest of consumer to purchase overpriced resale items (Munarriz 2012), GameStop’s ‘Cash Cow’ would eventually shift to a ‘Dog’, providing difficulty in profit generation. There is also a risk that their ‘Question Mark’ would not become a ‘Star’ and just cost large efforts with little return. Nevertheless, Apple products still presents the biggest opportunity due to its large consumer base of over 230 million apple devices. Just by reselling 5 percent of the market, GameStop stands to gain $1 billion of new revenue over the next few years.

Refuge: An Unnatural History of Family and Place by Terry Tempest Willi

Refuge: An Unnatural History of Family and Place by Terry Tempest Williams Refuge; An Unnatural History of Family and Place, by Terry Tempest Williams, is a thought-provoking, sentimental book that explores both the unnatural and the natural events that take place in her life. The deception and lies of the reports presented by the United States government, which lead to the fall out of atomic bomb testing in Utah in the 1950's and the rise of the Great Salt Lake and its effect on bird’s serve as the backdrop of this book. As Williams struggles to deal with the ramifications of her mother’s terminal cancer, she seeks sanctuary at the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge. Her family and their well-being is a major priority in her life. When the world around Williams seems overwhelming, her only escape is the Great Salt Lake Basin where she can find. In fact, Williams either unwittingly or wittingly overemphasizes her intimacy with the birds and under emphasizes the direct, devastating effect the atomic fallout of September 7, 1957 had on the health of her family, thereby losing a prime opportunity to make a dramatic statement about the relationship between cancer related illnesses and atomic bomb testing. This story begins in 1983 as the Great Salt Lake in Utah was rising to above normal heights. Over the course of the next seven years from 1983 Williams closely followed the lake levels and the impact on the various species of birds. The Great Salt Lake is a remnant of the ancient Lake Bonnevile which had covered 20,000 square miles of Utah, parts of eastern Nevada, and southern Idaho(Great Salt Lake, 3): â€Å"The lake ecosystem is one of the most important wildlife habitats in the Western Hemisphere and has been for at least 8,000 ... ... Alexander, G. Thomas. Radiation Death and Deception. Retrieved April 5, 2005 from www.historytogo.utha.gov/radiation.html. Great Salt Lake: More Than Meets the Nose. Retrieved April 8, 2005 from http://www.cnnn.com/2003/TravelDestinations/11/05great.salt.lake.ap// Seegmiller, Janet Burton. No Clear Testing and the Downwinders. Retrieved April 5, 2005 from www.historytogo.utah.gov/nuctest.html. Stum, Marlin. Great Salt Lake-Haven for Birds. Retrieved April 8, 2005 from http://www.stoplegacyhighway.org/gsl.htm Summer, David Thomas. Testimony, Refuge, and the Senses of Place-A Conservation with Terry Tempest Williams. Retrieved April 16, 2005 from http://weberstudies.weber.edu/archive/archive%20D Ward, Chip. Cowboys in Gas Masks Find a Damn Good Place to Dump Used Razor Blades. Retrieved April 8, 2005 from http://home.comcast.net/~kknowlto/orion.htm

voltaire :: essays research papers

Voltaire said that â€Å"If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him† and I concur. Voltaire was trying to say that civilizations need a â€Å"higher power† to successfully work. Throughout history, every civilization (with the exception of those developed in the twentieth century) has had a god, or gods to explain the wonders of the natural world and provide guidance. From the ancient cultures of the Middle East and Asia to modern day western civilization, gods have played a major role in daily life. Voltaire more than likely knew that a civilization without order and a governing force would most certainly fail. As much as people turn to these gods for direction and explanation, they also turn to those same gods for discipline. What could possibly keep a person form committing wrong more than a person or thing with the capability (or fabled capability) of striking them down where they stand? Gods stand as method of â€Å"keeping people in line† so to speak. I know that as a child in a semi-devout roman catholic family, the â€Å"fear of God† idea may very well have stopped me from performing terrible atrocities (that is, atrocious in the scope of being a small child). No matter what, that â€Å"fear of God† has, and may very well always stand as the one supreme police force in the world. There have even been examples of godless societies throughout this century in literature, and even reality. Orwell’s classic 1949 novel 1984 depicts a twisted dystopia in which the government has eradicated gods and any other non-governmental aspect of life. The book, in one of the many sub-concepts of the work, shows the quality of life of the broken-spirited souls who have nothing to turn to for hope, or an end after the means. Orwell, like many other authors including Aldus Huxley in A Brave New World, shows that a society without god will imminently dissolve to failure.

Role of the HR Professional

No matter the breadth or the depth of an organization, it will always have the inherent need for human resources. It is safe to say that without manpower, no organization in the world would exist. Recognizing not only the need for people, but more importantly, the need for skilled, efficient and loyal employees has been a key turning point in defining the role of the HR professional. As the â€Å"people people† or organizations, today†s HR professionals work in a wide variety of capacities as mediators, mentors, job analysts, and career planners – to name a few. However, perhaps some of the most important and challenging functions of HR professionals are directly related to the recruitment, selection, training, and appraisal of the organization†s employees (or potential employees as the case may be). It is up to HR manager or management team to create processes and methodologies in recruiting, training, and appraising its staff in such a way that it is congruent with the values, vision and culture of the organization. This can be an enormous challenge – especially in today†s business world where companies are constantly acquiring and merging together forming whole new identities at an exponential rate. In dealing with the ambiguity of the corporate world HR professionals realize that it is not singular performance of each and every HR function that will assure the best human resources for their organizations, it is the alignment and integration of all of the HR functions that create an environment that empowers and encourages employee growth, competency, and loyalty. There are two main components of the staffing function, which are the recruitment and selection of potential employees. Recruitment, which involves all actions in attracting applicants from both inside and outside the organization, is one of the most pivotal roles of the HR professional. The bottom line in the recruiting effort is to attract the most qualified applicants for the needed positions by communicating the qualifications needed in order to fulfill the position. With a constant cycle of mergers and acquisitions occurring around the globe involving some of the world†s most monolithic organizations, the role of recruiter has changed vastly over the past few years. Because organizations are finding themselves more and more saturated with talented and highly competent employees, they are looking to fulfill vacant positions within the organization. This is also a very logical approach because existing employees are already well oriented with the policies and culture of the organization and do not need to undergo the orientation that an â€Å"external hire† would require. In contrast, recruiters have also had to become much more creative and ultimately aggressive in recruiting potential applicants externally. With the introduction of the World Wide Web and the increase in competitiveness among universities, colleges and other post-secondary institutions, graduates are entering the business world with more knowledge, skills and insight than ever before, making them desirable assets to many organizations. With the increase in popularity of job fairs, co-op programs and web-based career centers, recruiters are now equipped with the resources they need to seek out and entice the most qualified of applicants. At the same time, graduates and other people seeking employment have become empowered to seek out their most desirable positions, and are challenging recruiters with a much more proactive and aggressive approach themselves. Once the recruiter has aptly performed the function of attracting qualified applicants, they then assume the role of â€Å"selector†. In this capacity, it is up to the HR professional to select the best possible applicants to fill the positions that are needed. Usually the selection process involves the consideration of three types of information: 1. Education, Work Experience and Background History 2. KSAO†s – Ability, Performance, Personality, Honesty/Integrity 3. Medical Condition or similar considerations – physical and psychological health The selection process also usually involves, the initial sharing of information, filling out and application, initial interview, the administration of any tests, a final interview (or secondary interview with potential colleagues), reference checks, and then the final selection is made. Although the selection process varies in different organizations, the underlying framework is usually the same. Throughout the entire recruiting and selection processes, the HR professional must also use their intuition and consider the applicant using less â€Å"tangible† measurement methods, such as observing their mannerisms, understanding the applicants† personal values and beliefs and what their extra-curricular interests are. Although an applicant is judged more on his or her qualifications and skills, as a â€Å"selector†, it is important for the HR professional to select someone whose values and beliefs are congruent with the company and who they feel would best â€Å"fit† within the culture of the organization. If an HR professional is able to use their intuition and â€Å"people skills† effectively in attracting and selecting applicants, they are ultimately integrating and aligning their â€Å"staffing† role with their successive role as a trainer, which follows once a successful applicant has been selected. The health of any organization depends on the development of its people. If indeed the greatest asset is its human resources, then it is even more vital that the organization allow for its HR professionals to invest time and energy into this vital planning function. As was stated earlier, the success of the HR professional in being an effective recruiter and selector is key in ultimately determining their success as a trainer, and the employees† success in becoming well-oriented with the philosophy, policies, procedures, and culture of the organization. When planning how best to train new and existing employees, HR professionals should always be sure to address both immediate and long-range goals, behaviours and skills. However, more often than not, just like anyone else, HR people cannot always assume or pretend to know what would best work for everyone, so it is critical that before planning out the training process, they must conduct a thorough needs assessment. This can be done through many ways such as the administration of questionnaires and surveys to determine employee needs and expectations, observation of job functions and the organization as a whole, and other methods of qualitative information gathering. Once a training plan has been established, the entire process by which people learn what is expected of them in their new roles in the organization is socialization. This process, not unlike many other HR processes, has multiple stages such as: Entry/Anticipatory Socialization, Socialization/Accommodation, and Mutual Acceptance. It is important for HR professionals to recognize and encourage the full development of the new employee through all of these stages. Throughout the orientation and training of new (or old) employees, it is also important for an HR professional to conduct a training and development assessment. A thorough assessment would include an analysis of the training needs as well as the development needs over the next few years. Training needs should be based on immediate needs for changes in behaviour, where as the long-range development goals should be based on the acquisition of knowledge and skills to be used now and in the future. Positioning employee training to focus on short and long term development helps HR professionals to look â€Å"down the road† and address how they can help their employees meet challenges, create change and ensure the overall health of the organization. In using this futuristic approach, an imperative strategic alignment is built to integrate employee training and development, with that of employee performance management. Once employees have gone through all of the processes or socialization and have become well-oriented with how the organization functions on all levels, it is at this time that the HR professional takes on yet another role as that of performance measurer and manager. There are two primary reasons for performance management: 1. Administrative: includes promotional consideration, dismissal consideration, compensation, benchmarking and the ability to manage performance at all levels 2. Developmental: includes the ability to provide feedback, assessing training needs, encouraging external and internal motivation, and analysis current job design Historically, the only people directly involved in the appraisal of an employee†s performance were the employee and their immediate supervisor. However, as the practice of HR evolves, so have many of its functions, especially in the area performance appraisal. Today, more and more organizations are adopting the practice of â€Å"360 degree feedback† in evaluating their employees† performances. This method involves not only the boss and the employee, but also the employee†s peers, subordinates, and clients. ‘This relatively new practice facilitates a much more well-rounded and thorough evaluation of the employees performance and has been proven to be much more useful in assessing the employees developmental needs and areas for improvement. However, like any major practice, the â€Å"360 degree feedback† method is not without it complications. Allowing this type of participation in performance appraisal can cause such problems as: the â€Å"Halo Effect†, central tendency, overt leniency or strictness, and biased appraisals. In recognizing these common appraisal problems, it can be said that the ends still justify the means in this case. As long as appraisals are designed to be relevant to the job, sensitive, reliable, fair, and practical, employees receive a much better picture of how they are doing in their jobs and where they can improve. It is my opinion that the strategic integration of the HR functions that have been discussed in this paper such as staffing, training, and performance management are not aligned in the sense of a linear relationship. In my mind, they are linked cyclically, with each function being a continuation of the previous function. For example, once a performance appraisal has been conducted, it is at this time that a training needs assessment is also conducted, allowing all parties involved to gain a better understanding of the areas in which improvement is needed. In turn, this would be where the HR professional would take on the role of trainer and facilitate the further development of the employee. It can also be seen that performance appraisals are also very helpful within the recruitment and selection role in aiding the HR professional to gain a better understanding of the qualifications and behaviours that are essential in seeking out potential candidates and choosing the best one for the job. Writing this paper and taking closer look at these specific HR functions has helped me to gain a better understanding of the many roles that the HR professional has to assume at any given time. It has also given me a greater appreciation for the underlying connectivity between all of the HR functions and how strongly they are linked.

Marriage versus living together

Trends are showing that there is a change in the way intimate relationships are constituted throughout the world. Cohabiting, in the absence of a marriage contract has only become so common over the past few decades. This practice of living with a partner in an intimate relationship that does not involve signing a marriage contract, referred to by any of the terms consensual unions, cohabiting unions, cohabitation, or living together, is evidenced both in developed and developing countries. Mokomane (2005) notes an increase over marriage in this type of relationship (p. 57). Kenny and McLanahan also observe that, in the U. S., cohabitation has surpassed marriage as the preferred mode of intimate unions. It is useful, therefore, to understand differences between a cohabiting and a marriage relationship, in order to determine why couples are now choosing this type of union over marriage. The most apparent difference between a marriage and a cohabiting relationship is in their institutional makeup. A marriage is, by its very nature, a contractual type of relationship where both couples agree to an intimate union. A cohabiting relationship is also an agreement between two partners. The difference is that a marriage requires signing a legal document representative of the couples’ legal obligations to each other. In a cohabiting union such legality is not evident. Marriage relationships are therefore more permanent than cohabiting unions specifically because of this legality. A cohabiting couple may choose to end a relationship at any time without facing much external difficulties but a married couple has to apply for a divorce. Simply put a married couple is legally accountable for either staying together or separating while this is not so in the case of cohabiting couples. Mokomane (2005) notes a further difference in the average age of individuals who enter either union. She has observed that couples in a cohabiting relationship are usually much younger than those in a cohabiting relationship. From her research it was discovered that cohabiting men and women average 37.9 and 32.8 years respectively while their married counterparts average 51.3 and 45.6 years respectively based on the 2001 census in the U.S. (p. 63). This is suggesting that cohabiting relationships is usually the first choice relationship and later there is the transfer into a marriage union when the individual gets older. It has also been noted that married couples earn more than their cohabiting counterparts. According to Clarkberg (1999), income is usually a predictive factor for individuals to get married. She argues that, since individuals with more income seem to be the ones that enter into married unions, then a good income is probably seen as a requirement for entering into a married union. Clarkberg cites research conducted in Puerto Rico in which it was concluded that cohabiting relationships are ‘a poor man’s marriage’(p. 947). Markowski, Croake and Keller also found that cohabiting couples had more lifetime partners than married couples suggesting a higher rate of promiscuity in the former group. They establish that cohabiting couples are more likely than married couples to have had more than six sexual partners (p. 33). Finally research has found that there is a higher rate of domestic violence among couples that are cohabiting than those that are married. Even further there are also higher rates of homicide within this group (Kenny & McLanahan, 2006). In consistent cases it has been found that the rate of domestic violence among married couples is significantly less than the rate among cohabiting couples. These researchers estimate that cohabiting relationships are between two and four times more likely to involve domestic violence than married relationships. It appears therefore that, for reasons of economy and because of its perceived permanence, more persons are staying away from marriage relationships, at least in their younger days, while enjoying the privileges of an intimate living relationship with their partner. Related essay: â€Å"My Ideal Wife† Reference Clarkberg, M. (1999). The price of partnering: The role of economic well-being in young adults’ first union experiences. Social Forces, 77(3), 945-968. Kenny, C. T. & McLanahan, S. S. (2006, Feb). Why are cohabiting relationships more violent than marriages? Demography, 43(1), 127-140. Markowski, E. M., Croake, J. W. & Keller, J. F. (1978, Feb). Sexual history and present sexual behavior of cohabiting and married couples. The Journal of Sex Research, 14(1), 27-39. Mokomane, Z. (2005). A demographic and socio-economic portrait of cohabitation in Botswana. Society in Transition, 36(1), 57-73.   

Does Social Inequality Exist in Jamaica

Introduction â€Å"Social Inequality allows for the exclusion of individuals and the formation of prejudices and discrimination. Carefully analyze and discuss the validity of this statement based on current events in the Jamaican society. † Social Inequality is the existence of socially created inequalities; it occurs when ideology and power combine to make one group of people feel inferior to another. From a sociological perspective people are able to assess both opportunities and constraints that characterize their lives as it relates to age, sex, gender, race and class and based on this, many ills that the world faces today are derived from some person’s blatant disregard for differences. A prejudice is a preconceived belief toward a particular group while discrimination is a behavior (an action), with reference to unequal treatment of people because they are members of a particular group. Some theories suggest that racism is a characteristic of an abnormal minority of the population and that this abnormality is psychological. This prejudice may lead to racial discrimination. We may be familiar with this form of discrimination being more prevalent in recent times (Apartheid, Hitler vs. Jews) than now. In answering the question this report will outline the causes of social inequality and show that Social Inequality is prevalent in all societies including Jamaica. Race & Ethnicity Within sociology, the term ethnic, race, minority, and dominant group have very specific meanings, different from the meanings the terms have in common, their usage. These concepts are important in the development of a sociological perspective on race and ethnicity. Race A race is a group of people treated as separate in society on the basis of certain characteristics, some of which may be biological, that have been assigned social importance. Because of presumed biologically or culturally inferior characteristics, a race is typically singled out for its uniqueness and unfortunately succumbs to unfair treatment. Therefore it is not biological characteristics per se that defines racial groups, but how groups ave been treated historically and socially over the years. Societies assign people racial categories such as Black, White, and so on. Not by science, logic or fact, but by opinion and social experiences. In other words, how racial groups are defined is a social process. This is what is meant when we acknowledge that race is â€Å"socially constructed†. The use of biological differences to judge an individual seems some what arbitrary. F or example we differentiate people based on skin color and not other characteristics such as personality traits or culture. Jamaica is made up of several races, but the majority is dark skinned. Most people interact with their own kind and do not get the opportunity to interface with others of a different race. However, for the ones who do, they may say that we are not a racist society but would more likely discriminate based on a persons’ socio-economic status. This may be true but there remains the irony that individuals with high socio-economic statuses are usually the light skinned (Caucasian, Indian, Chinese). Ethnicity This refers to a social category of people who share a common culture, for example a common language or dialect; a common religion; and common norms, practices, customs and history. Ethnic groups have a consciousness of their common cultural bond. Jamaicans, Americans, Trinidadians, Japanese, Mexican Americans and so forth, are examples of ethnic groups. However ethnic groups are also found in other societies, such as Pashtuns in Afghanistan or Shiites and Sunnie in Iraq whose ethnicity is based on religious differences. An ethnic group does not exist simply because of the common national or cultural origins of the group. These groups develop because of their unique historical, cultural origins or social experiences. These experiences become the basis of the group’s ethnic identity. PREJUDICE A prejudice is a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a group of people or a single person because of race, social class, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, disability, political beliefs , religion, line of work or other personal characteristics. It also means a priori beliefs (without knowledge of the facts) and includes â€Å"any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence. Although positive and negative prejudice both exist, when used negatively, â€Å"prejudice† implies fear and antipathy toward such a group or person. †¢Cognitive Prejudice refers to what people believe to be true: for example, in adherence to a particular metaphysical or methodological philosophy at the expense of other philosophies which may offer a more complete theoretic al explanation. †¢Affective Prejudice refers to what people like and dislike: for example, in attitudes toward members of particular classes such as race, ethnicity, national origin, or creed. Conative Prejudice refers to how people are inclined to behave. It is regarded as an attitude because people do not act on their feelings. An example of conative prejudice may be found in expressions of what should be done if the opportunity presents itself. These three types of prejudice are correlated, but all need not be present in a particular individual. Someone may believe that a particular group possesses low levels of intelligence, but harbor no ill feeling towards that group. A group may be disliked because of intense competition for jobs, but still recognize no differences between groups. DISCRIMINATION Discrimination is a sociological term referring to the treatment taken toward or against a person of a certain group that is taken in consideration based on class or category. The United Nations explains: â€Å"Discriminatory behaviors take many forms, but they all involve some form of exclusion or rejection. Discriminatory laws such as redlining have existed in many countries. In some countries, controversial attempts such as racial quotas have been used to redress negative effects of discrimination Farley also put discrimination into three categories: Personal / Individual Discrimination is directed toward a specific individual and refers to any act that leads to unequal treatment because of the individual's real or perceived group membership. †¢Legal Discrimination refers to â€Å"unequal treatment, on the grounds of group membership, that is upheld by law. Apartheid is an example of legal discrimination, as are also various post-Civil war laws in the souther n United States that legally disadvantaged Negros with respect to property rights, employment rights and he exercise of constitutional rights. †¢Institutional Discrimination refers to unequal treatment that is entrenched in basic social institutions resulting in advantaging one group over another. The Indian caste system and European feudal system are historical examples of institutional discrimination. As with prejudice generally, these three types of discrimination are correlated and may be found to varying degrees in individuals and society at large. Many forms of discrimination based upon prejudice are outwardly acceptable in most societies. What is Gender? Gender is a social classification that divides individuals into one of three categories (masculine, feminine, androgyny) as defined by behaviour, cultural and/or physiological traits learnt and expressed. The Difference between Gender and Sex Sex is a biological classification the divides individuals into categories (Male, Female, Hermaphrodite) as defined by their Chromosome make-up, reproductive organs, external genitals, hormonal states, internal genitals and secondary sex characteristics. Therefore sex is fundamentally different from gender on the basis that sex is determined by sex from birth and gender is determined by socialization after birth. Gender: Functional History The gender roles in society today are as a result of thousands of years of social evolution going back to the beginnings of society. Lets us take a look at how gender evolved into what it is today. The first type of society that existed, hunter/gatherer societies, men and women shared equal roles as the food gatherers in society. Women secured the more stable sources of food such as ground provisions grains and fruits while men secured the less stable sources of food from hunting game. This is due to the fact that hunting is a physically intensive activity and thus more naturally suited for the men in society however both sources of food were important to the welfare of the society and therefore both men and women had comparable roles. However while comparable, these roles would go on to influence society through the ages as the gathering of food tended to be relatively close to the settlement and the hunting of food would be further away. We see therefore that women were socialized to stay close to home and men were socialized to journey away from the home. This comparable role relationship remained similar in pastoral and horticultural societies however a huge shift came when people began to form agrarian societies. Men took the role of primary food gatherers in society freeing women from the task of food gathering. Thus women adopted alternative roles in the home to occupy their time. This however elevated the role of men in society while at the same time decreasing the roles of women. Men became more educated and took on more complex jobs within society. Women became the nurturers and home-makers of society. Thus the sexual division on labour became institutionalized ( Lengerman and Wallace, 1985) In industrial society women were reintegrated in the workplace however they were typically low paying unskilled jobs and their male counterparts were typically paid more for the same work. The role of women in society was slowly increasing at this point. Gender: Functional Analysis of Jamaican Society Traditionally in Jamaican society women are seen to be the home-makers and men the bread winners. This is due to the fact that the two genders play a complimentary role to each other (Talcott Parsons 141, 1964; orig 1951). In other words a complex Co-dependency between each gender that fulfils the economic social companionship, and social placement needs of a family unit thus holding and shaping society and. Each gender is socialized from birth to fulfil their respective roles. Boys are socialized to be competitive and aggressive through sports and aggressive role-models and yard work thereby allowing them to compete and survive in the working world as part of the labour force when they become Men. Girls are socialized to be sensitive and caring through dolls and house chores so that once they become Women they are better able to run the household and rear children. In a family unit these roles compliment each other and act as a stabilizing force for the unit and by extension for society. These stabilizing forces are perpetuated through various schemes of social control. Individuals who fail to show appropriate levels of masculinity or femininity are ridiculed and ostracised by society, this produces guilt and fear of rejection in the individual and serves to reinforce gender classes. Gender: Functional Analysis – Critical Comments The functionalistic view of gender is unable to proper explain many occurrences of modern society. With the post-industrial society we see that women are increasingly taking on more complex roles in society due to the reduction in the amount of physical labour needed to perform complex tasks through industrialization, the ability to control contraception, the feminist movement and poverty level (women in poorer household work out of necessity). Indeed most households now reply on a two person income. This however has left women with the dual roles of home-maker and breadwinners. This is a very daunting task as such many women remain single to avoid such a scenario. Alternatively since women have become a large part of the labour force we see that in couples, men have now either partly or in rare cases fully taken over the tasks of nurturing and caring for a child so as to fill the void created by the absence of the mother Traditionally androgyny was a socially ostracised gender however lately there has been a blurring of the roles separating the genders. We see this in ‘the sensitive new age guy', ‘the metro sexual', in women with short hair (short hair was traditionally a masculine feature), in male bleaching and male earrings (both of which were initially feminine traits). Gender Discrimination Though gender discrimination and sexism refers to beliefs and attitudes in relation to the gender of a person, such beliefs and attitudes are of a social nature and do not, normally, carry any legal consequences. Sex discrimination, on the other hand, may have legal consequences. Though what constitutes sex discrimination varies between countries, the essence is that it is an adverse action taken by one person against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. Discrimination of that nature in certain enumerated circumstances is illegal in many countries. Currently, discrimination based on sex is defined as adverse action against another person, that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. This is considered a form of prejudice and is illegal in certain enumerated circumstances in most countries. Sexual discrimination can arise in different contexts. For instance an employee may be discriminated against by being asked discriminatory questions during a job interview, or because an employer did not hire, promote or wrongfully terminated an employee based on his or her gender, or employers pay unequally based on gender. In an educational setting there could be claims that a student was excluded from an educational institution, program, opportunity, loan, student group, or scholarship due to his or her gender. In the housing setting there could be claims that a person was refused negotiations on seeking a house, contracting/leasing a house or getting a loan based on his or her gender. Another setting where there have been claims of gender discrimination is banking; for example if one is refused credit or is offered unequal loan terms based on one’s gender. In todays Jamaican society, it is debatable as to whether ones sex influences their position or status in life. A feminist Shulamith Firestone believed that women were disadvantaged by their biology, due bto the fact that they bear children and as s result they become dependent on the male species for survival. This dependence ion men produced unequal power relationships. Local journalist Peter Espeute, believes that boys face challenges due to inequality from as early as Primary school level. He disputes that girls are usually seated at the front of the class, while the boys sit at the back where they idle and play instead of learning. He also states that the entrance test given to children to decide what High school they go to is given at the wrong stage in their life cycle. It is a fact that at age eleven (11), girls are mentally more developed that boys, therefore the girls would outperform the boys, get the scholarships and be placed at the â€Å"best† schools. A study done by Kevin Harper of Howard University show that gender biases occur even in doctor offices. Doctors are deemed upper class statuses in Jamaica, and see themselves as â€Å"the almighty healers† (Payne-Jackson 1997). The study revealed that doctors were more apologetic to male patients who were kept waiting. More so males of high statuses. Female patients tended to be treated more like children needing instructions. Another example of gender bias may be seen in the workplace. In Corporate Jamaica, males in high positions (CEO,GM, etc. ) are paid higher wages than their female counterparts. As you go down the scale you will find that the salaries are usually level. However in some institutions such as factories and industrial complexes, because of the nature of the job, men are favoured. Even if females are among them, night shifts and overtime are usually approved for the men. The United Nations had concluded that women often experience a â€Å"glass ceiling† and that there are no societies in which women enjoy the same opportunities as men. The term â€Å"glass ceiling† is used to describe a perceived barrier to advancement in employment based on discrimination, especially sex discrimination. Social Class The term social class refers to a system of social stratification which is based on individual achievements, resulting from the unequal distribution of wealth, power and prestige. A hierarchical distinction is made between individuals or groups of people within the society. Social stratification is regarded as structured inequality based on the characteristics of the society and usually persists over a long period of time. It is usually universal and often occurs on the basis of access to the scarce factors of production: it also occurs on the basis of other factors, such as race, gender, age, religion and caste. Social stratification is usually prevalent in most societies. Usually a person’s status is either ascribed or achieved. An ascribed status is usually fixed at birth and depicted by ones sex or race. An achieved status is depicted by ones achievements throughout their lifetime, usually occupational. An open society usually fosters social mobility between the different social classes. Social mobility is the movement of individuals between, or up or down the different class structures over time owing to improvements in their fortunes. Social mobility is usually achieved through the following avenues: 1. Education, the attainment of higher tertiary education leads to more expertise and usually higher income paying jobs. 2. Hard work 3. Marriage, an individual marries into a rich family 4. Family status, the name of a rich family member usually opens doors for that individual 5. Talents and skills 6. Physical attributes, e. g. Miss World, usually marries into a powerful or rich family 7. Luck A closed system does not foster social mobility. Social positions are ascribed at birth and the system is very rigid with clearly defined structures. The caste system in India is a very good example of a closed system of stratification. In this system an individual is born in caste and this determines their occupation, education, social interaction and power. No amount of hard work and achievement can change their status or caste over time. The best example of the open system is the class system. This is found in most modern industrial societies around the world. One’s class in this system is largely determined by ones occupation, education, income, wealth and power. There are four classes in this system. They are the upper-class, the middle class, the service class and the underclass. The upper class is usually made up of the top ten percent (10%) of the wealthy people in the society. This class is also broken down into two classes: the upper and the lower class. ?The upper- upper class is made up of people who normally have â€Å"old money† and are set apart by their wealth and power. These persons have been born and raised with wealth; mostly consists of old â€Å"noble† or prestigious families. The Royal Family of England would be a prime example of the upper – upper class. The lower- upper class is made up of people who have extraordinary large income, which is achieved through occupational means. These people are usually referred to as having â€Å"new money†. These individuals have become rich within their own lifetimes. This class consists of people who own large companies or are CEO’s of large companies. It also consists of entrepreneurs, mo vie stars, top athletes, as well as some prominent professionals). The middle class is divided into three different groups. They are the upper -middle class, the service- class and the lower- middle class. The upper middle class is usually made up of people who have prestigious occupations, such as doctors, lawyers, politicians and entertainers. These people usually earn very high incomes and live in prominent neighborhoods and are able to send their off springs to colleges and universities abroad. These people usually accumulate lots of wealth overtime. ?The service- class is made up of highly trained people who are usually managers at their place of work. These people usually have secured careers and earn very good incomes on the job. Business consultants, teachers, and small business operators are good examples of persons who fall within this class. ?The lower- middle class is reserved for people who earn an average income and enjoy a decent standard of living. These people work in mainly less prestigious white collar jobs and include Sales Representatives, Supervisors, Bank clerks and Office clerks. Most of these people have not acquired a tertiary level education. The working class is usually those people who live from paycheck to paycheck and are called blue collar workers. These people usually earn what is known as â€Å"minimum wage† and are normally the first set of workers to be affected in times of recession. The underclass is those people who fall below the poverty line. They are usually temporarily employed or unemployed and are usually dependent on the state for survival. Conclusion As our motto rightly states â€Å"Out of Many One People†, we are diverse in race, ethnicity, and socialization. Based on our research which included a questionnaire (Appendices), we can clearly state that Social Inequality exists worldwide and Jamaica is no exception. The questionnaire was issued to twenty persons which included two Rastafarians, Two Chinese, three Mixed race individuals, one Caucasian and the rest were Negros. Half were male and the other half females. The results were as follows:- Age discrimination was felt by one young man (22 years old) who was a bus driver by profession. He expressed that persons were not willing to take his bus when they saw that he was the driver. The Rastafarians who were ironically from the lower class said they faced discrimination from every aspect (class, beliefs). Most of the females stated that men are preferred for jobs in the corporate world. One lady in particular related an experience of being in an interview and was told that she did well but they want to hire a male, as too many women were in the office. The only white man that did the questionnaire expressed that he felt discriminated just because of his colour; he was not comfortable going out alone because some people thought that he had something to offer them and were constantly begging. Therefore the question is answered Social Inequality does lead to people forming prejudices which may influence their actions toward person of a particular group or groups.